STOWAGE FACTOR : it shows the space occupied by a tonne of cargo.
It is the volume occupied by a unit weight of cargo. Generally it is expressed in:
- cubic meters/ tonne ( metric)
( 1 metric tonne=1000kg)
( 1 long ton=1016 kg)
for eg: stowage factor of iron ore=0.40 cubic m / metric tonne
this means that for storing one tonne of iron ore 0.40 cubic m is required.
stowage factor= volume/ mass
( density = mass/volume)
thus stowage factor is the reciprocal of density. Cargoes with high density have low stowage factor and vice-versa
BROKEN STOWAGE : It is the space between packages which remains unfilled.
This factor varies according to type of cargo and shape of hold.
Broken stowage will be higher for packages with large size and irregular shape.
This factor is always expressed as percentage of the volume of cargo.
broken stowage=(gross volume - net volume * 100)/ net volume
NOTE:
to obtain correct volume of cargo, broken stowage must always be added to stowage factor.
TOTAL VOLUME = STOWAGE FACTOR+BROKEN STOWAGE
LOAD DENSITY : It is the maximum weight that can be safely loaded on a unit area. It is expressed in tonnes/ sq.m.
The height to which cargo can be stowed on a deck will depend on load density of that deck and stowage factor of the cargo.
DEADWEIGHT CARGO: It is the cargo on which freight is charged on its weight.
MEASUREMENT CARGO: It is the cargo in which freight is charged on the volume occupied by the cargo.
OPTIONAL CARGO: It is the cargo which is to be discharged at one port or another as decided by the shipper before the ship reaches the discharge ports. such cargo must be stowed as to be available at either of the optional ports.
BALE CAPACITY:
It is the cubic capacity of a space when:
breadth is taken from inside of cargo battens
depth from tank top to underside of deck beams
length from inside of bulkhead stiffeners or spar ceiling where fitted
GRAIN CAPACITY:
It is the cubic capacity of a space when length,breadth and depth are taken right to the plating. Allowance is made for volume occupied by frames, beams and stiffeners.
Obviously the bale capacity will be less than grain capacity. Inmost cases sometimes they can be equal in certain bulk carriers, ro-ro ships etc.
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