Magnetic compass

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Image
The magnetic compass is fitted on the upper bridge exactly center line of the ship   It is referred to as standard compass     1. D ry C ard    2. W et C ard   A compass point north because all magnets have two poles north pole, south pole.   The north pole of the one magnet attracted towards the south pole of another magnet     DRY CARD COMPASS   A light aluminum ring about 254mm in diameter is attached to a brass hub by silk cord which is threaded in and out through holes in the ring.   This tight silk cord is act like bicycle wheels.   There is no other connection or support between the ring and the hub.   Silk cord is used because it doesn’t shrink or stretch due to moisture or change in atmospheric temperature.     Card support: -     The bottom of the hub has small cap fi tt ed with a sapphire bearing surface.   This rests on a pivot tipped with iridium which is hard nonmagnetic metal....
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DECK CARGOES AND REASONS FOR DECK CARGO LOSSES

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  1. Deck cargoes refer to cargoes which are carried on weather deck or on hatch covers of a ship. Such cargoes are exposed to weather damage.
  2. Deck cargoes,beacause of their stowage location are subjected to velocity and dynamic stresses due to sea and swell condition. Therefore deck cargoes require special attention and method to secure them.
  3. A shipper of deck cargo must make a separate contract with the carrier. The carrier, not being bound by any special rules covering deck cargoes.
  4. This is generally means that the deck cargo will be carried on deck at shipper risk ie,without liability to the carrier for any loss or damage, however caused.



DECK CARGO LOSSES ARE DUE TO:-
  • Severe adverse weather condition.
  • Lack of appreciation of various force involved.
  • Insufficient time or personnel allowed to complete the necessary lashing work before departure from port.
  • Dunnages are not utilized in proper manner.
  • Inadequate strength, balance or number of lashings.
  • Wire attachments eyes and loops made up of wrongly, including incorrect methods of using bulldog grips.
  • Lashings materials taken around unprotected sharp edges.
  • Incorrect or unbalanced weight distribution.




Guideline related to deck cargoes
  1. COSWP-IMO
  2. MS(LOADLINE )REGS1998-1241
  3. MS (CARRIAGE OF DECK CARGOES)REG1999-S1336


Examples for deck cargoes,
  • IMDG cargoes such as acids, corrosives, chemicals etc.
  • Containers.
  • Gases
  • Livestock
  • Oil drums
  • Steel work




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